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International Telegraph Union

  • 1 International Telegraph Union

    орг.
    сокр. ITU связь Международный телеграфный союз (создан в 1865 г. для выработки стандартов и координации деятельности различных государств в области телеграфной связи; в 1932 г. преобразован в Международный союз телекоммуникаций)
    See:

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > International Telegraph Union

  • 2 International Telecommunication Union

    орг.
    сокр. ITU связь Международный союз телекоммуникаций, Международный телекоммуникационный союз (международная организация, вырабатывающая стандарты телекоммуникационной деятельности и координирующая действия частных и государственных телекоммуникационных компаний в сфере глобальных телекоммуникационных сетей и услуг; образован в 1932 г. на базе Международного телеграфного союза; является одним из специализированных агентств ООН)
    See:
    * * *

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > International Telecommunication Union

  • 3 International Telecommunication Union

    1. МСЭ
    2. международный союз электросвязи

     

    МСЭ
    Международный союз электросвязи.
    [ ГОСТ Р 54456-2011]

    Тематики

    • телевидение, радиовещание, видео

    EN

     

    международный союз электросвязи
    Международная организация, определяющая рекомендации в области телекоммуникаций и радио, а также регулирующая вопросы международного использования радиочастот. Является специализированным учреждением ООН.еждународная организация, определяющая рекомендации в области телекоммуникаций и радио, а также регулирующая вопросы международного использования радиочастот. Является специализированным учреждением ООН.
    [Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]

    международный союз электросвязи
    МСЭ
    Имеет статус специального агентства при ООН. Занимается вопросами стандартизации во всех видах телекоммуникаций и координирует использование правительственными и частными организациями глобальных телекоммуникационных сетей и интерфейсов. В 1932 году, в Мадриде, на базе International Telegraph Convention (Международная Телеграфная Конвенция) от 1865 года и International Radiotelegraph Convention (Международная Радиотелеграфная Конвенция) от 1906 года была разработана International Telecommunication Convention и был создан International Telecommunication Union (Международный Союз Электросвязи). Сейчас штабквартира организации находится в Женеве (Швейцария).
    [ http://www.morepc.ru/dict/]

    EN

    international telecommunication union (ITU)
    International organization that sets guidelines in telecommunications and radio infrastructures, and coordinates the shared global use of the radio spectrum. It is a specialized agency of the United Nations.
    [Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]

    Тематики

    Синонимы

    EN

    Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > International Telecommunication Union

  • 4 union

    сущ.
    1) общ. объединение ( как процесс или состояние)

    We support the union of the environmental pressure groups into a federation. — Мы поддерживаем объединение экологических групп давления в федерацию.

    2)
    а) пол., гос. упр. союз (объединение нескольких независимых государств в федерацию или конфедерацию; также государственное образование возникшее в результате объединения нескольких независимых государств)

    амер. the States of the Union — Соединенные штаты

    See:
    б) общ. союз, объединение, ассоциация (организация, объединяющая физических лиц, компании, страны или других лиц с общими целями или интересами)
    See:
    3) эк. тр. = trade union

    * * *
    союз: 1) торговый, таможенный, экономический, политический союз государств; 2) профессиональный союз: объединение работников одной профессии, предприятия или отрасли.
    * * *
    государственное объединение на базе определенного соглашения (кредитный, профсоюз и т. д.)

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > union

  • 5 ITU

    орг.
    3) пат., амер. сокр. от intent to use
    * * *

    Англо-русский экономический словарь > ITU

  • 6 Baudot, Jean-Maurice-Emile

    [br]
    b. 11 September 1845 Magneux, France
    d. 28 March 1903 Sceaux, France
    [br]
    French engineer who developed the multiplexed telegraph and devised a 5-bit code for data communication and control.
    [br]
    Baudot had no formal education beyond his local primary school and began his working life as a farmer, as was his father. However, in September 1869 he joined the French telegraph service and was soon sent on a course on the recently developed Hughes printing telegraph. After service in the Franco-Prussian war as a lieutenant with the military telegraph, he returned to his civilian duties in Paris in 1872. He was there encouraged to develop (in his own time!) a multiple Hughes system for time-multiplexing of several telegraph messages. By using synchronized clockwork-driven rotating switches at the transmitter and receiver he was able to transmit five messages simultaneously; the system was officially adopted by the French Post \& Telegraph Administration five years later. In 1874 he patented the idea of a 5-bit (i.e. 32-permutation) code, with equal on and off intervals, for telegraph transmission of the Roman alphabet and punctuation signs and for control of the typewriter-like teleprinter used to display the message. This code, known as the Baudot code, was found to be more economical than the existing Morse code and was widely adopted for national and international telegraphy in the twentieth century. In the 1970s it was superseded by 7—and 8-bit codes.
    Further development of his ideas on multiplexing led in 1894 to methods suitable for high-speed telegraphy. To commemorate his contribution to efficient telegraphy, the unit of signalling speed (i.e. the number of elements transmitted per second) is known as the baud.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    17 June 1874, "Système de télégraphie rapide" (Baudot's first patent).
    Further Reading
    1965, From Semaphore to Satellite, Geneva: International Telecommunications Union.
    P.Lajarrige, 1982, "Chroniques téléphoniques et télégraphiques", Collection historique des télécommunications.
    KF

    Biographical history of technology > Baudot, Jean-Maurice-Emile

  • 7 ITU

    1. МСЭ
    2. Международный союз электросвязи

     

    МСЭ
    Международный союз электросвязи.
    [ ГОСТ Р 54456-2011]

    Тематики

    • телевидение, радиовещание, видео

    EN

     

    Международный союз электросвязи
    Международная организация, основанная европейскими странами для разработки международных стандартов в области передачи информации. 
    [ http://www.lexikon.ru/dict/net/index.html]

    Тематики

    EN

     

    международный союз электросвязи
    Международная организация, определяющая рекомендации в области телекоммуникаций и радио, а также регулирующая вопросы международного использования радиочастот. Является специализированным учреждением ООН.еждународная организация, определяющая рекомендации в области телекоммуникаций и радио, а также регулирующая вопросы международного использования радиочастот. Является специализированным учреждением ООН.
    [Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]

    международный союз электросвязи
    МСЭ
    Имеет статус специального агентства при ООН. Занимается вопросами стандартизации во всех видах телекоммуникаций и координирует использование правительственными и частными организациями глобальных телекоммуникационных сетей и интерфейсов. В 1932 году, в Мадриде, на базе International Telegraph Convention (Международная Телеграфная Конвенция) от 1865 года и International Radiotelegraph Convention (Международная Радиотелеграфная Конвенция) от 1906 года была разработана International Telecommunication Convention и был создан International Telecommunication Union (Международный Союз Электросвязи). Сейчас штабквартира организации находится в Женеве (Швейцария).
    [ http://www.morepc.ru/dict/]

    EN

    international telecommunication union (ITU)
    International organization that sets guidelines in telecommunications and radio infrastructures, and coordinates the shared global use of the radio spectrum. It is a specialized agency of the United Nations.
    [Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]

    Тематики

    Синонимы

    EN

    Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > ITU

  • 8 Gray, Elisha

    SUBJECT AREA: Telecommunications
    [br]
    b. 2 August 1835 Barnesville, Ohio, USA
    d. 21 January 1901 Newtonville, Massachusetts, USA
    [br]
    American inventor who was only just beaten by Alexander Graham Bell in the race for the first telephone patent.
    [br]
    Initially apprenticed to a carpenter, Gray soon showed an interest in chemistry, but he eventually studied electrical engineering at Oberlin College, Oberlin, Ohio, in the late 1850s. In 1869 he founded the Western Electric Manufacturing Company, where he devised an electric-needle annunciator for use in hotels and lifts and carried out experimental work aimed at the development of a means of distant-speech communication. After successful realization of a liquid-based microphone and public demonstrations of a receiver using a metal diaphragm, on 14 February 1876 he deposited a caveat of intention to file a patent claim within three months for the invention of the telephone, only to learn that Alexander Graham Bell had filed a full patent claim only three hours earlier on the same day. Following litigation, the patent was eventually awarded to Bell. In 1880 Gray was appointed Professor of Dynamic Electricity at Oberlin College, but he appears to have retained his business interests since in 1891 he was both a member of the firm of Gray and Barton and electrician to his old firm, Western Electric. Subsequently, in 1895, he invented the TelAutograph, a form of remote-writing telegraph, or facsimile, capable of operating over short distances. The system used a transmitter in which the x and y movements of a writing stylus were coupled to a pair of variable resistors. In turn, these were connected by two telegraph wires to a pair of receiving coils, which were used to control the position of a pen on a sheet of paper, thus replicating the movement of the original stylus.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1878, Experimental Research in Electro-Harmonic Telegraph and Telephony, 1867–76.
    Further Reading
    J.Munro, 1891, Heroes of the Telegraph.
    D.A.Hounshill, 1975, "Elisha Gray and the telephone. On the disadvantage of being an expert", Technology and Culture 16:133.
    —1976, "Bell and Gray. Contrast in style, politics and etiquette", Proceedings of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 64:1,305.
    International Telecommunications Union, 1965, From Semaphore to Satellite, Geneva.
    KF

    Biographical history of technology > Gray, Elisha

  • 9 Chappe, Claude

    SUBJECT AREA: Telecommunications
    [br]
    b. 25 December 1763 Brulon, France
    d. 23 January 1805 Paris, France
    [br]
    French engineer who invented the semaphore visual telegraph.
    [br]
    Chappe began his studies at the Collège de Joyeuse, Rouen, and completed them at La Flèche. He was educated for the church with the intention of becoming an Abbé Commendataire, but this title did not in fact require him to perform any religious duties. He became interested in natural science and amongst other activities he carried out experiments with electrically charged soap bubbles.
    When the bénéfice was suppressed in 1781 he returned home and began to devise a system of telegraphic communication. With the help of his three brothers, particularly Abraham, and using an old idea, in 1790 he made a visual telegraph with suspended pendulums to relay coded messages over a distance of half a kilometre. Despite public suspicion and opposition, he presented the idea to the Assemblée Nationale on 22 May 1792. No doubt due to the influence of his brother, Ignace, a member of the Assemblée Nationale, the idea was favourably received, and on 1 April 1793 it was referred to the National Convention as being of military importance. As a result, Chappe was given the title of Telegraphy Engineer and commissioned to construct a semaphore (Gk. bearing a sign) link between Paris and Lille, a distance of some 240 km (150 miles), using twenty-two towers. Each station contained two telescopes for observing the adjacent towers, and each semaphore consisted of a central beam supporting two arms, whose positions gave nearly two hundred possible arrangements. Hence, by using a code book as a form of lookup table, Chappe was able to devise a code of over 8,000 words. The success of the system for communication during subsequent military conflicts resulted in him being commissioned to extend it with further links, a work that was continued by his brothers after his suicide during a period of illness and depression. Providing as it did an effective message speed of several thousand kilometres per hour, the system remained in use until the mid-nineteenth century, by which time the electric telegraph had become well established.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    R.Appleyard, 1930, Pioneers of Electrical Communication.
    International Telecommunications Union, 1965, From Semaphore to Satellite, Geneva.
    KF

    Biographical history of technology > Chappe, Claude

  • 10 telegram

    телеграмма. В США телеграммы не принимаются на почте. Их надо отправлять из контор телеграфных компаний «Уэстерн юнион» [Western Union] или I.T.T. [International Telegraph and Telephone Company]. Можно послать телеграмму и по телефону, набрав номер «0» ( оператор). Возможна оплата за счёт адресата [collect telegram]

    США. Лингвострановедческий англо-русский словарь > telegram

См. также в других словарях:

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  • international — internationality, n. internationally, adv. /in teuhr nash euh nl/, adj. 1. between or among nations; involving two or more nations: international trade. 2. of or pertaining to two or more nations or their citizens: a matter of international… …   Universalium

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